“That's the novel aspect to this study, seeing that chronic, long-term amputees can learn to control a robotic limb,” said Nicho Hatsopoulos, PhD, professor of organismal biology and anatomy at UChicago and senior author of the study. “But what was also interesting was the brain’s plasticity over long-term exposure, and seeing what happened to the connectivity of the network as they learned to control the device.”
Here's the basic setup in a similar lab with non-amputee monkeys. The monkey gets juice or some other treat for successfully completing the tasks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_arFi-IfYc4
Here's a detailed lecture on the current work in the field:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOyTY0tfpSY
• Changes in cortical network connectivity with long-term brain-machine interface exposure after chronic amputation (via University of Chicago)